The Innovation Resistance Model of Mobile Payments for Micro and Small Enterprises

: The development of digital technology currently directs people to transact using mobile payments. An efficient payment process or one of them is known as Mobile Payment has its own market compared to the three other services offered by Fintech. This strongly supports the development of the digital economy in Indonesia. This study tries to formulate a conceptual framework and research model developed with the theory of innovation resistance. Methods and models of conceptual formulation are carried out in several stages; literature study, model adoption, and instrument development. Based on theoretical and empirical studies on Innovation Resistance, this study describes the constructs and propositions used as the basis for building a conceptual model. The results of the instrument development can be used for further research .


INTRODUCTION
Today's development of digital technology has prepared people to carry out all activities online. One of the activities that apply this technology is the transaction payment method. Payments made manually are turned into mobile payments. Applications in Indonesia are currently in bank transfers, internet banking, mobile banking, online store value, mobile applications, payments via telephone (cellphone), and others (Company, 2018). These payment models' most widely used transactions rely on gadgets, both when shopping online and shopping directly in stores (Kim et al., 2010). Thus, this technology strongly supports the development of Indonesia's digital economy, namely an economy that is run based on digital technology.

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In the current era of globalization, the Indonesian government seeks to encourage micro and small business actors to participate in strengthening business actors to be ready to compete with other countries (Setyaningrum et al., 2019). With conditions like this indirectly, the application of digitization must be carried out by Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) to run a digital business. This includes implementing mobile payments to support effectiveness and efficiency in running a business.
Mobile payments have a different market compared to the other three services offered by financial technology. From the business owner's point of view, there are five benefits of usage, namely: (1) customer convenience, (2) reducing costs, (3) increasing cash flow, (4) integrating loyalty programs, (5) Access to actionable data. Thus, this service is widely used by MSEs.
Referring to information from the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia, in 2019 in Indonesia, there were 65,465,497 MSMEs. Of the number of users, mobile payments are still relatively small, which is only 47.5%. This can indicate that mobile payments by MSMEs in Indonesia are still low. This condition is certainly not much different from UMK actors in Blitar City, considering that they are part of MSMEs in Indonesia, which have almost the same characteristics.
The everyday use of this technology still allows for resistance to mobile payments. This is because mobile payment has characteristics, as stated by (Ram & Sheth, 1989), that Innovation Resistance is the resistance of consumers to innovation, either because the innovation may change or because it is contrary to the structure of consumer trust. Innovation Resistance has three characteristics (Ram & Sheth, 1989), namely: (1) Innovation Resistance affects adoption time, (2) Innovation Resistance exists across product classes (3) Innovation Resistance varies in degree.
Customer resistance is a vital variable in figuring out the achievement or failure of the latest technological innovations (Kaur et al., 2020). According to the Innovation Resistance Theory, client resistance may be energetic or passive (Yu & Chantatub, 2016). Consumers accept innovation, and if the innovation changes the consumer's life habits drastically, then consumers also tend to be resistant to innovation (Kuisma et al., 2007;Sobti, 2019). This innovation, initiated by a financial service provider, has drastically changed consumer habits from paying for physical transactions to paying for virtual transactions. Ensuring that this change will not only affect the transaction payment process, considering that the money from the transaction for micro and small businesses will also be used to support their daily needs. Thus, it is very likely that micro and small businesses will resist these innovations. This has a look at examines person conduct in resistance to Mobile Payment packages and intends to undertake Mobile Payment

METHOD
This study uses a literature survey method in presenting a conceptual model between Usage Barrier (UB), Value Barrier (VB), Risk Barrier (RB), Tradition Barrier (TB), Image Barrier (IB), Innovation Resistance Behavioral Intention, and Actual Usage for using a mobile payment system. The sources of information used are journaled publication websites (Emerald, Sciencedirect, Research Gate, and so on). The keywords used in the search literature are Mobile Payment, Innovation Resistance Theory, Micro and Small Enterprises.
This study was developed in three stages. First, collect then review the literature and previous study. Then, they are analyzed and adopted to be formulated into a research model. The third is instrument development. At this stage, each in the variable is explained, including compiling measurement item. Figure 1 presents the theoretical model proposed in this study, consisting of 5 essential IRT variables. The theoretical model is derived from the results of previous research.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The theoretical model depicted in Figure 1 is taken from the basic IRT model. To present mobile payments to MSEs in Blitar City using IRT's basic construction and several external factors. The selected external factors refer to several studies that appear in several existing studies. External factors/exogenous variables are Behavioral Intentions to Use a Cellular Payment System and Actual Use of a Cellular Payment System. With this conceptual study, it is hoped that researchers can follow up further research. Figure 1. Conceptual Model Figure 1 shows the determinant factors that are interconnected between one variable and another so that the conceptual model has 7 Hypothesis Formulations which are supported by previous research references as described in Table 1 below: In growing the model, these studies will offer fundamental points: perception and hassle validity. First, the implementation of these studies turned transparently and clearly, as defined within the studies strategies section. Second, aside from using the aggregate and model process, readers can also take note of questions from signs and variables.